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Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is not known to currently possess weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and has signed treaties repudiating the possession of weapons of mass destruction including the Biological Weapons Convention,〔 the Chemical Weapons Convention,〔 and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=17 April 2006 )〕 Iran has first-hand knowledge of WMD effects—over 100,000 Iranian troops and civilians were victims of chemical weapons during the 1980s Iran–Iraq War.〔"Nuclear proliferation: The Islamic Republic of Iran", Gawdat Bahgat, Iranian Studies Journal, vol. 39(3), September 2006〕〔Center for Documents of The Imposed War, Tehran. (مرکز مطالعات و تحقیقات جنگ)〕 On ideological grounds, a public and categorical religious decree (''fatwa'') against the development, production, stockpiling and use of nuclear weapons has been issued by the Supreme Leader of Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei along with other clerics,〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ayat. Kashani: N-bomb production religiously forbidden )〕 though it is approved by some relatively minor clerics. Later versions of this fatwa forbid only the "use" of nuclear weapons, but said nothing about their production. Iran has stated its uranium enrichment program is exclusively for peaceful purposes.〔(''Tehran Times'': Iran wants new nuclear fuel talks )〕 The IAEA has confirmed the non-diversion of declared nuclear material in Iran but has also said it "needs to have confidence in the absence of possible military dimensions to Iran’s nuclear program.〔 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=International Atomic Energy Agency: Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) and 1835 (2008) in the Islamic Republic of Iran )〕 The IAEA has pointed out that Iran is not implementing the requirements of United Nations Security Council Resolutions and needs to cooperate to clarify outstanding issues and meet requirement to provide early design information on its nuclear facilities.〔International Atomic Energy Agency, (Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) and 1835 (2008) in the Islamic Republic of Iran ), GOV/2010/28, 31 May 2010.〕 In December 2014, a Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control report by Lincy and Milhollin based on International Atomic Energy Agency data concluded that Iran could produce enough weapons-grade uranium for one nuclear warhead in 1.7 months 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iran's Nuclear Timetable ).〕 In 2012, sixteen U.S. intelligence agencies, including the CIA, reported that Iran was pursuing research that could enable it to produce nuclear weapons, but was not attempting to do so.〔(U.S. does not believe Iran is trying to build nuclear bomb ), ''Los Angeles Times'', February 23, 2012.〕 The senior officers of all of the major American intelligence agencies stated that there was no conclusive evidence that Iran has made any attempt to produce nuclear weapons since 2003.〔(Iran and the Bomb ), Seymour Hersh, ''The New Yorker'', June 30, 2011.〕 In a 2007 National Intelligence Estimate, the United States Intelligence Community assessed that Iran had ended all "nuclear weapon design and weaponization work" in 2003.〔(Iran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities ), National Intelligence Estimate, November 2007.〕 U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta stated in January 2012 that Iran was pursuing a nuclear weapons capability, but was not attempting to produce nuclear weapons.〔(Iran Trumpets Nuclear Ability at a Second Location ), New York Times, January 8, 2012.〕 In 2009, U.S. intelligence assessed that Iranian intentions were unknown.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Federation of American Scientists'': Iran's Nuclear Program: Status )〕〔(Dennis Blair: Annual Threat Assessment of the Intelligence Community for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (2009) ) We judge in fall 2003 Tehran halted its nuclear weapons design and weaponization activities and that the halt lasted at least several years... Although we do not know whether Iran currently intends to develop nuclear weapons, we assess Tehran at a minimum is keeping open the option to develop them... develop nuclear weapons, we assess Tehran at a minimum is keeping open the option to develop them.〕 Some European intelligence believe Iran has resumed its alleged nuclear weapons design work. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin said he had seen no evidence of any nuclear weapons program in Iran,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''RIA NOVOSTI'', 'Putin: No information on Iran's work on nuclear weapons' )〕 while Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said Iran was close to having the capability to produce nuclear weapons.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''RIA Novosti'': Iran could acquire nuke weapons capability – Medvedev (update 1) )〕 Iran has called for nuclear weapons states to disarm and for the Middle East to be a nuclear weapon free zone.〔 After the IAEA voted in a rare non-consensus decision to find Iran in non-compliance with its NPT Safeguards Agreement and to report that non-compliance to the UN Security Council,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=IAEA Board of Governors: "Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran" (September 2005) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=IAEA Board of Governors: "Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the Islamic Republic of Iran" (February 2006) )〕 the Council demanded that Iran suspend its nuclear enrichment activities〔(Resolution 1696 (2006) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Security Council Demands Iran Suspend Uranium Enrichment by 31 August, or Face Possible Economic, Diplomatic Sanctions )〕 and imposed sanctions against Iran〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8928.doc.htm )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=21997&Cr=Iran&Cr1 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Security Council Tightens Restrictions on Iran's Proliferation-Sensitive Nuclear Activities, Increases Vigilance Over Iranian Banks, Has States Inspect Cargo )〕 when Iran refused to do so.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=19353&Cr=iran&Cr1= )〕 Former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad argued that the sanctions were illegal. The IAEA has been able to verify the non-diversion of declared nuclear material in Iran, but not the absence of undeclared activities.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006) and 1747 (2007) in the Islamic Republic of Iran )〕 The Non-Aligned Movement has called on both sides to work through the IAEA for a solution.〔 In November 2009, the IAEA Board of Governors adopted〔(''France24'': UN atomic watchdog censures Iran: diplomats ) Of the 35-member board of governors of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 25 countries voted in favour of the resolution, diplomats said. Three countries – Venezuela, Malaysia and Cuba – voted against the resolution. Six countries – Afghanistan, Brazil, Egypt, Pakistan, South Africa and Turkey – abstained. One country, Azerbaijan, was absent from the vote.〕 a resolution against Iran which urged Iran to apply the modified Code 3.1 to its Safeguard Agreement,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Implementation of the NPT safeguards agreement and relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) and 1835 (2008) in the Islamic Republic of Iran )〕 urged Iran to implement and ratify the Additional Protocol,〔 and expressed "serious concern" that Iran had not cooperated on issues that needed "to be clarified to exclude the possibility of military dimensions to Iran's nuclear program." Iran said the "hasty and undue" resolution would "jeopardize the conducive environment vitally needed" for successful negotiations〔 and lead to cooperation not exceeding its "legal obligations to the body".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''PressTV'': Iran: New resolution will 'damage' IAEA cooperation )〕 ==Nuclear weapons== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iran and weapons of mass destruction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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